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# Framework

> This is the conceptual foundation beneath [Jx Studio](/studio). You never have to read it to build with Studio. Start here if you want to know exactly what the format is.

Jx is a schema and runtime for building reactive web applications using plain JSON. A Jx application is a tree of JSON objects whose structure mirrors the DOM API, whose reactivity is powered by `@vue/reactivity`, and whose behavior is declared in `state` entries.

## The core premise

**Structure and state are data.** The shape of each `state` entry determines its type and behavior, with no additional flags required in the common case.

A Jx component is a single `.json` file that can be fully self-describing:

```json&#x20;shiki
```

## Design principles

1. **DOM-First Design.** Property names mirror standard DOM element properties. `tagName`, `className`, `textContent`, `hidden`, `tabIndex` all map directly to their DOM equivalents.
2. **Rule of Least Power.** Declarative JSON over imperative JavaScript wherever possible. `$ref` bindings over template expressions. Template expressions over handler functions. Handler functions only when logic cannot be expressed otherwise.
3. **JSON as the Authoritative Format.** Documents are valid JSON. Fully serializable. No `this` ambiguity. Natively understood by visual builders, IDEs, validators, and bundlers.
4. **Explicit Over Implicit.** Signal scope does not leak across component boundaries. Every dependency must be explicitly declared as a `$prop`.
5. **Standards Alignment.** Where a web platform standard exists, Jx follows it: JSON Schema 2020-12, JSON Pointer (RFC 6901), Web Components v1, CSSOM camelCase.

## Document format

Every Jx document has these top-level fields:

| Field      | Required    | Description                                          |
| ---------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| `$schema`  | Recommended | URI identifying the Jx dialect version               |
| `$id`      | Recommended | Component identifier                                 |
| `$defs`    | Optional    | Pure JSON Schema type definitions (tooling only)     |
| `state`    | Optional    | Reactive state: signals, computed values, functions  |
| `tagName`  | Required    | HTML tag name for the root element                   |
| `children` | Optional    | Array of child element definitions and/or text nodes |

## Reserved keywords

| Keyword      | Purpose                                                |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| `$schema`    | Dialect identifier                                     |
| `$id`        | Component identifier                                   |
| `$defs`      | JSON Schema type definitions                           |
| `$ref`       | Reference pointer (JSON Pointer, RFC 6901)             |
| `$props`     | Explicit prop passing at component boundary            |
| `$prototype` | Constructor name: a Web API, `"Function"`, or a class  |
| `$src`       | External module specifier                              |
| `$switch`    | Dynamic component switching                            |
| `$map`       | Iteration context namespace                            |
| `$media`     | Named media breakpoint declarations                    |
| `$elements`  | Custom element dependency declarations                 |
| `timing`     | Execution timing: `"compiler"`, `"server"`, `"client"` |

For the complete specification, see the [full spec document](https://github.com/jxsuite/jx/blob/main/specs/spec.md).

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Start here[Overview](/docs/start/)Get started[Install Jx Studio](/docs/start/install/)[Your first project](/docs/start/first-project/)[A tour of Jx Studio](/docs/start/studio-tour/)Tutorials[Tutorial: interactive component](/docs/start/first-component/)[Tutorial: blog with collections](/docs/start/first-collection/)[Video tutorials](/docs/start/videos/)Coming from another tool[Coming from WordPress](/docs/start/coming-from-wordpress/)[Coming from Webflow or Framer](/docs/start/coming-from-webflow/)[Coming from Wix or Squarespace](/docs/start/coming-from-wix/)[Coming from Lovable or Builder.io](/docs/start/coming-from-ai-builders/)Studio[Overview](/docs/studio/)[The desktop app](/docs/studio/desktop/)The workspace[Overview](/docs/studio/interface/)[Welcome screen](/docs/studio/interface/welcome-screen/)[Editors and views](/docs/studio/interface/modes/)[The canvas](/docs/studio/interface/canvas/)[Documents and panes](/docs/studio/interface/tabs/)[Quick 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